Pictured here, a trail camera in the Elk Valley captures an image of a large grizzly bear. This was the fifth grizzly bear seen on this camera in a two-week span.
The breathtaking landscapes of the Elk Valley in British Columbia are home and a playground for many Teck employees, who are fortunate to share this space with a variety of wild neighbors—including grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) one of the more iconic animals found in the region.
Grizzly bears are an important species for ecological and spiritual reasons, and it's important to understand and manage any impacts from our operations during their active denning period, when grizzly bears construct their dens for hibernation. The denning period in the Elk Valley runs from October 15 to May 15, a period that was determined based upon research reports that studied grizzly bears in mountain and foothill biomes in B.C., Alberta, and the USA. During the denning period, grizzly bears survive an extended period of low (or no) food availability by obtaining all their energy through metabolism of fat reserves. Expectedly, the denning period is variable due to differences between the sexes and cohorts of grizzly bears, as well as annual snow depth, as well as the reduction in easily available high-quality foods.
Any disturbance during the denning period has the potential to negatively affect grizzly bears through elevated energy use due to movement within the den, den abandonment, loss of cubs or displacement from denning areas. Understanding both the timing of denning and the location of dens is critical for the development and implementation of mitigation action plans for grizzly bears.
Teck uses the Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) modelling approach to assess areas based on their suitability for grizzly bear denning. The HSI evaluates elevation, slope angle, aspect, soil texture, soil drainage and vegetation cover to determine denning suitability. It was found that the greatest suitability for dens occurred on northeast-, north-, and east-facing slopes with soils deeper than 1 metre and from 1,700 to 2,300 metres in elevation. This approach enables Teck’s Biodiversity team to first evaluate the potential likelihood of denning habitats; these areas are then further investigated through annual surveys.
Between October 15 and December 20, surveys are conducted via helicopter or via ground-based visual surveys. The best time to conduct a survey is within two days of a new snow event, making it easier to see tracks, digs, and freshly excavated earth piles outside of den entrances. If an active grizzly bear den is found, a mitigation plan is created for each confirmed location, developed based on reliable sightings, consultation with a Qualified Professional, and the use of the biodiversity mitigation hierarchy. The biodiversity mitigation hierarchy describes the sequence in which different mitigation strategies should be deployed to develop a mitigation plan.
The grizzly bear mitigation action plan considers the following actions to avoid or minimize the threat of impacts to active dens:
- inform the workforce and reschedule planned activities that could result in disturbance to areas where active grizzly bear dens are identified;
- create an operational buffer immediately surrounding the active den to limit activity that presents a direct risk to the bear or den;
- initiate a monitoring program to record when the den is exited; and,
- record and report on the efficacy of the mitigation plan with a commitment to use findings in future plans as part of an adaptive management strategy.
Coal’s Biodiversity team is doing excellent work to ensure that this iconic species is as undisturbed as possible during their active denning period, and to help Teck be a good neighbour to our wild friends.
— The article was originally published in Coal’s monthly employee newsletter.